公众参与,程序正当性与主体间共识.PDFVIP

公众参与、程序正当性与主体间共识 ——论公共利益的合法性来源 苏振华 郁建兴 【内容摘要】公共利益应该是实现个体利益的手段，而不是相反。在卢梭的理论 中，“公意”是一种至高无上的价值。社会选择理论的不可能性定理则指出，在 尊重每个个体的价值准则时，绝对的公共利益是不存在的；同时，公共选择理论 论证了，在遵循规则的选择及规则之下的选择的程序时，公共利益可以通过程序 予以确认。哈贝马斯强调，公共意志的合法性必须来自于公民的参与，经由公共 领域的广泛讨论达成主体间的共识才是具有合法性的公共利益。哈贝马斯与卢梭 的相同之处在于同样强调公民参与是政治合法性的来源，不同之处是哈贝马斯强 调了达成主体间共识的程序的必要性；哈贝马斯与公共选择理论的共通之处在于 同样强调程序的正当性原则，不同之处是哈贝马斯强调了公民在公共领域之内的 持续的政治参与。在现实政治过程中，为实现公共利益而实施集体行动时，应遵 循一定的程序、尊重公民参与之下达成的主体间性共识、并对因此而受损的个体 予以补偿的原则。 【关键词】公共利益；一致同意；程序；公共领域；主体间性 Public participation, procedure legitimacy, and inter-subjectivitys consensus: On the legitimacy of public interests Abstracts: The public interests should be the method of achieving the individual benefit. In Rousseau’s theory, the public opining is one kind of highly unsurpassed value. According to the Arrow Impossibility theorem, when each individual’s the value criterion is emphasized, the absolute public interests will never exist. At the same time, the public choice theory proved that the public interests would be confirmed by the procedures, if the se choice procedures are under certain rules. Habermas emphasized, the validity of public opining must come from the wide participation by citizens. And only the inter-subjective consensus through widespread discussions in the public domain would be the le gitimate public interests. The common part between Habermas and Rousseau is that they both emphasized the citizen participation is the origin of the political legitimacy; what ’s different, Habermas emphasized necessity of procedure in achieving inter-subjective consensus among citizens. The common part between Habermas’theory and the public choice theory is that they both emphasized the principle of procedure legitimacy; the differen