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respiratory evaluation of patients requiring ventilator support due to acute respiratory failure呼吸的评估患者因急性呼吸衰竭需要呼吸机支持.pdf

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respiratory evaluation of patients requiring ventilator support due to acute respiratory failure呼吸的评估患者因急性呼吸衰竭需要呼吸机支持

Open Journal of Nursing, 2012, 2, 336-340 OJN /10.4236/ojn.2012.223049 Published Online November 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojn/) Respiratory evaluation of patients requiring ventilator support due to acute respiratory failure Carmen Silvia Valente Barbas, Giovana Caroline Lopes, Débora Feijó Vieira, Lara Poletto Couto, Letícia Kawano Dourado, Eliana Caser University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Email: carmen.barbas@, valentebarbaspneumo@ Received 16 September 2012; revised 19 October 2012; accepted 28 October 2012 ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION This review, based on relevant published evidence Acute respiratory failure is a condition in which the res- and the authors’ clinical experience, presents how to piratory system fails to keep an adequate arterial blood evaluate a patient with acute respiratory failure re- oxygenation or carbon dioxide concentration. The main quiring ventilatory support. This patient must be care- causes that lead to an acute insufficient oxygenation (less fully evaluated by nurses, physiotherapists, respira- than 60 mmHg while breathing room air) or a PaCO2 tory care practitioners and physicians regarding the elevation (more than 50 mmHg with a concomitant de- elucidation of the cause of the acute episode of respi- crease in arterial pH) are: 1) Pulmonary parenchyma dis- ease; 2) Cardiovascular disease (left ventricular failure, ratory failure by means of physical examination with pulmonary e