孟德尔遗传（Mendel inheritance）.docVIP

孟德尔遗传（Mendel inheritance） The fourth chapter, Mendel heredity (1) noun interpretation: 1. traits: morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics of an organism. 2. unit characters: the characters expressed by organisms are generally divided into units, and these separate characters are called. 3. alleles (allele): genes located on homologous chromosomes that have the same loci and control the same trait. 4. completely dominant (complete, dominance): a pair of two pairs of homozygous parents with different relative traits crossed, and the expression of F1 is identical with that of one parent. This dominant expression is called complete dominance. 5. incomplete dominance (imcomplete, dominance): refers to F1 as the intermediate type of two parents. 6. co dominant (co-dominance): refers to the trait of both parents at the same time in the F1 individuals. Such as human ABO blood group and MN blood group. 7. test intersection: refers to the test between the individual and recessive homozygote hybridization. 8. genotype (genotype): also known as genetics, the composition of all genetic material in the organism, is the internal cause of the development of the characters. 9. phenotype (phenotype): the sum of traits expressed by organisms under the control of genotype plus environmental conditions. 10. because of multiple effects (pleiotropism): a gene can also affect the development of many traits. 11., multigenic effect: many genes affect the performance of the same trait. 12. atavism: refers to the ancestral character appeared in the progenies of the phenomenon. 13. gene locus (locus): the location of a gene on a chromosome. 14. dominance of (reversal): the change of dominant characters in different conditions is called dominant transformation. (two) yes and no questions: 1. cross breeding between parents, and then through several generations of self breeding, can be bred into many types of varieties. (+) 2. two kinds of white maize aleurone layer, hybrid