lecture3-AD-升采样降采样.ppt

* See e.g. /wiki/Image:Moire_on_parrot_feathers.jpg Though if I put it on a slide I could not view aliasing * 太阳在天空由东往西移动，两次的日出间隔了24小时。若某个人每23小时对天空拍张照片，太阳会好似由西向东移动，并且日出周期由24小时转变成552小时(24×23=552)。相同的现象也会发生在高速旋转的车轮钢圈，视觉上看到的旋转方向和实际上相反。这就是时间混叠。 若对一个穿有人字呢图案外衣的人摄影，播放时会发现影片中的线条数目会少於真实图案的线条数目，此现象被称为moiré pattern。这就是空间混叠的例子，它的成因之後会阐明。 * * E:\MATLAB6p1\work\digital signal processing\chap3\example9.m * * * * E:\MATLAB6p1\work\digital signal processing\chap3\example10.m * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Down sampling by an integer factor 利用“采样”一个序列可以降低一个序列的采样率，即定义一个新的序列为： Sampling Rate Change Examples What happened during down-sampling? xd[n]就是对x[n]按降采样因子M降采样后的序列，我们的目的就是要找到两个序列的DTFT之间的关系。 Frequency Representation of Down-Sampling First recall that the DTFT of is Similarly, the DTFT of is Questions: what is the relationship between them? Frequency Representation of Down-Sampling (Contd) We can represent Frequency Representation of Down-Sampling (Contd) We then have We know that Therefore, we have Frequency Representation of Down-Sampling (Contd) Frequency Representation of Down-Sampling: Example Down-sampling after Pre-filtering 如果在降采样的过程中会发生混叠，我们就需要在降采样之前限制信号x[n]的带宽。 x[n] 要先通过一个理想的低通滤波器进行预滤波，截止频率为?/M. Down-sampling after Pre-filtering (Example) Increasing the Sampling Rate by an Integer Factor General System for Up-sampling To fill missing samples, the operation of up-sampling is therefore considered to be synonymous(重复) with interpolation. Ideal Low-pass Filtering after Up-sampling As in the case of D/C converter, it is possible to obtain an interpolation formula with an ideal low-pass filter as The impulse response of the low pass filter has properties Thus for the ideal low-pass interpolation filter, we have Frequency Representation of Up-Sampling (Example) return return return return return return * * 国际通信标准制定为300Hz-3400Hz! ,从理论上讲，20～20000Hz的频率响应足够了。低于20Hz的声音，虽听不到但人的其它感觉器官却能觉察，也就是能感觉