brainstem and spinal cord circuitry regulating rem sleep and muscle atonia脑干和脊髓回路调节快速眼动睡眠和肌肉弛缓.pdfVIP

Brainstem and Spinal Cord Circuitry Regulating REM Sleep and Muscle Atonia 1,3 1 1 1 2 Martina Krenzer , Christelle Anaclet , Ramalingam Vetrivelan , Nishang Wang , Linh Vong , 2 1 1 Bradford B. Lowell , Patrick M. Fuller , Jun Lu * 1 Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of ¨ Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany Abstract Background: Previous work has suggested, but not demonstrated directly, a critical role for both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of the pontine tegmentum in the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Methodology/Principal Findings: To determine the in vivo roles of these fast-acting neurotransmitters in putative REM pontine circuits, we injected an adeno-associated viral vector expressing Cre recombinase (AAV-Cre) into mice harboring lox-P modified alleles of either the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) or vesicular GABA-glycine transporter (VGAT) genes. Our results show that glutamatergic neurons of the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) and glycinergic/GABAergic interneurons of the spinal ventral horn contribute to REM atonia, whereas a separate population of glutamatergic neurons in the caudal laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (cLDT) and SLD are important for REM sleep