chaos of wolbachia sequences inside the compact fig syconia of ficus benjamina (ficus moraceae)混乱的沃尔巴克氏体属序列在紧凑的无花果syconia榕树benjamina(无花果属桑科).pdfVIP

Chaos of Wolbachia Sequences Inside the Compact Fig Syconia of Ficus benjamina (Ficus: Moraceae) 1. 2. 2,3 3 4,5 Chun-Yan Yang , Jin-Hua Xiao , Li-Ming Niu , Guang-Chang Ma , James M. Cook , Sheng- 1 3 1,2 Nan Bian , Yue-Guan Fu , Da-Wei Huang * 1 College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 3 Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China, 4 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom, 5 Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia Abstract Figs and fig wasps form a peculiar closed community in which the Ficus tree provides a compact syconium (inflorescence) habitat for the lives of a complex assemblage of Chalcidoid insects. These diverse fig wasp species have intimate ecological relationships within the closed world of the fig syconia. Previous surveys of Wolbachia, maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect vast numbers of arthropod hosts, showed that fig wasps have some of the highest known incidences of Wolbachia amongst all insects. We ask whether the evolutionary patterns of Wolbachia sequences in this closed syconium community are different from those in the outside world. In the present study, we sampled all 17 fig wasp species living on Ficus benjamina, covering 4 families, 6 subfamilies, and 8 genera of wasps. We made a thorough survey of W