cannabis-dependence risk relates to synergism between neuroticism and proenkephalin snps associated with amygdala gene expression case-control studycannabis-dependence风险与神经质之间合作和脑啡肽原单核苷酸多态性与杏仁核基因表达相关的病例对照研究.pdfVIP

Cannabis-Dependence Risk Relates to Synergism between Neuroticism and Proenkephalin SNPs Associated with Amygdala Gene Expression: Case- Control Study 1¤ 1,2 1 1 3 Didier Jutras-Aswad , Michelle M. Jacobs , Georgia Yiannoulos , Panos Roussos , Panos Bitsios , Yoko Nomura1,4, Xun Liu1,5, Yasmin L. Hurd1,3,6,7* 1 Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, 2 Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 4 Department of Psychology, Queens College, Queens, New York, United States of America, 5 Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 6 Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, 7 James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America Abstract Background: Many young people experiment with cannabis, yet only a subgroup progress to dependence suggesting individual differences that could relate to factors such as genetics and behavioral traits. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and proenkephalin (PENK) genes have been implicated in animal studies with cannabis exposure. Whether polymorphisms of these genes are associated with cannabis dependence and related behavioral traits is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: Healthy young adults (18–27 years) with cannabis dependence and without a dependence diagnosis were studied (N = 50/group) in relation to a priori-determined single nucleotide poly