bovine ncrnas are abundant, primarily intergenic, conserved and associated with regulatory genes牛ncrnas非常丰富,主要是基因间,守恒的,与监管有关的基因.pdfVIP

Bovine ncRNAs Are Abundant, Primarily Intergenic, Conserved and Associated with Regulatory Genes Zhipeng Qu, David L. Adelson* School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Abstract It is apparent that non-coding transcripts are a common feature of higher organisms and encode uncharacterized layers of genetic regulation and information. We used public bovine EST data from many developmental stages and tissues, and developed a pipeline for the genome wide identification and annotation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We have predicted 23,060 bovine ncRNAs, 99% of which are un-annotated, based on known ncRNA databases. Intergenic transcripts accounted for the majority (57%) of the predicted ncRNAs and the occurrence of ncRNAs and genes were only moderately correlated (r = 0.55, p-value,2.2e-16). Many of these intergenic non-coding RNAs mapped close to the 39 or 59 end of thousands of genes and many of these were transcribed from the opposite strand with respect to the closest gene, particularly regulatory-related genes. Conservation analyses showed that these ncRNAs were evolutionarily conserved, and many intergenic ncRNAs proximate to genes contained sequence-specific motifs. Correlation analysis of expression between these intergenic ncRNAs and protein-coding genes using RNA-seq data from a variety of tissues showed significant correlations with many transcripts. These results support the hypothesis that ncRNAs are common, transcribed in a regulated fashion and have regulatory functions. Citation: Qu Z, Adelson DL (2012) Bovine ncRNAs Are Abundant, Primarily Intergenic, Conserved and Associated with Regulatory Genes. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42638. doi:10.1371/journal.pon