beneficial effects of alternate dietary regimen on liver inflammation, atherosclerosis and renal activation有利影响替代饮食养生的肝脏炎症、动脉粥样硬化、肾激活.pdfVIP

Beneficial Effects of Alternate Dietary Regimen on Liver Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Renal Activation Peter Y. Wielinga1,3*, Gopala K. Yakala2,3, Peter Heeringa2,3, Robert Kleemann1,3, Teake Kooistra1 1TNO-Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Medical Biology Section, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 3 Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract Background: Alternate day calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be almost as beneficial as daily CR. The question arises whether this concept is also applicable to alternating dietary composition. Objective: To seek evidence that alternating high cholesterol (HC) - cholesterol-free (CON) Western diet can effectively diminish hepatic and renal inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors as compared with daily HC-supplemented Western diet. Design: Four groups of ApoE*3Leiden mice, a humanized model for atherosclerosis, were subjected to different feeding treatments for 16 weeks. Mice were fed CON diet; CON diet with 1% w/w cholesterol (HC); alternate (ALT) diet regimen of CON (4 days) and HC (3 days); or CON diet supplemented with 0.43% (w/w) cholesterol (MC), with overall dietary cholesterol intake equal to ALT. Plasma was analyzed for cardiovascular risk factors, aorta for atherosclerotic lesion formation, and liver and kidney for inflammation. Results: ALT diet but not MC was almost as effective as daily CON feeding in preventing disease development. Compared to HC, the ALT group showed 62% lower hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activity (P,0.001), a reduction of the circulating inflammatory markers E-selectin (220%; P,0.05), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1; 215%; P,0.05) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA;