covert reorganization of implicit task representations by slow wave sleep隐式秘密重组任务表示慢波睡眠.pdfVIP

Covert Reorganization of Implicit Task Representations by Slow Wave Sleep Juliana Yordanova1,3*, Vasil Kolev1,3, Ullrich Wagner1,2,4, Rolf Verleger1 ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ 1 Department of Neurology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany, 2 Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany, 3 Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, 4 Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract Background: There is evidence that slow wave sleep (SWS) promotes the consolidation of memories that are subserved by mediotemporal- and hippocampo-cortical neural networks. In contrast to implicit memories, explicit memories are accompanied by conscious (attentive and controlled) processing. Awareness at pre-sleep encoding has been recognized as critical for the off-line memory consolidation. The present study elucidated the role of task-dependent cortical activation guided by attentional control at pre-sleep encoding for the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories during sleep. Methodology: A task with a hidden regularity was used (Number Reduction Task, NRT), in which the responses that can be implicitly predicted by the hidden regularity activate hippocampo-cortical networks more strongly than responses that cannot be predicted. Task performance was evaluated before and after early-night sleep, rich in SWS, and late-night sleep, rich in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In implicit conditions, slow cortical potentials (SPs) were analyzed to reflect the amount of controlled processing and the localization of activated neural task representations. Principal Findings: During implicit learning