coupling mechanical deformations and planar cell polarity to create regular patterns in the zebrafish retina耦合机械变形及平面细胞极性在斑马鱼视网膜创建常规模式.pdfVIP

Coupling Mechanical Deformations and Planar Cell Polarity to Create Regular Patterns in the Zebrafish Retina 1,2 3 3 1 Guillaume Salbreux , Linda K. Barthel , Pamela A. Raymond *, David K. Lubensky * 1 Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, 2 Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, 3 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Abstract The orderly packing and precise arrangement of epithelial cells is essential to the functioning of many tissues, and refinement of this packing during development is a central theme in animal morphogenesis. The mechanisms that determine epithelial cell shape and position, however, remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate these mechanisms in a striking example of planar order in a vertebrate epithelium: The periodic, almost crystalline distribution of cone photoreceptors in the adult teleost fish retina. Based on observations of the emergence of photoreceptor packing near the retinal margin, we propose a mathematical model in which ordered columns of cells form as a result of coupling between planar cell polarity (PCP) and anisotropic tissue-scale mechanical stresses. This model recapitulates many observed features of cone photoreceptor organization during retinal growth and regeneration. Consistent with the model’s predictions, we report a planar-polarized distribution of Crumbs2a protein in cone photoreceptors in both unperturbed and regenerated tissue. We further show that the patt