eeg-based automatic classification of ‘awake’ versus ‘anesthetized’ state in general anesthesia using granger causalityeeg-based自动分类的u201c清醒u201d与u201c麻醉u201d状态在全身麻醉中使用格兰杰因果关系.pdfVIP

EEG-Based Automatic Classification of ‘Awake’ versus ‘Anesthetized’ State in General Anesthesia Using Granger Causality 1,2 3 3 1,2 Nicoletta Nicolaou *, Saverios Hourris , Pandelitsa Alexandrou , Julius Georgiou 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOS Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holistic Electronics Research Laboratory, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 3 Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus Abstract Background: General anesthesia is a reversible state of unconsciousness and depression of reflexes to afferent stimuli induced by administration of a ‘‘cocktail’’ of chemical agents. The multi-component nature of general anesthesia complicates the identification of the precise mechanisms by which anesthetics disrupt consciousness. Devices that monitor the depth of anesthesia are an important aide for the anesthetist. This paper investigates the use of effective connectivity measures from human electrical brain activity as a means of discriminating between ‘awake’ and ‘anesthetized’ state during induction and recovery of consciousness under general anesthesia. Methodology/Principal Findings: Granger Causality (GC), a linear measure of effective connectivity, is utilized in automated classification of ‘awake’ versus ‘anesthetized’ state using Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machines (with linear and non-linear kernel). Based on our investigations, the most characteristic change of GC observed between the two states is the sharp increase of GC from frontal to posterior regions when the subject was anesthetized, and reversal at recovery of consciousness. Features d