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Great Apes’ Risk-Taking Strategies in a Decision Making Task 1,2,3 4 4 Daniel B. M. Haun *, Christian Nawroth , Josep Call 1 Max Planck Research Group for Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, 2 Max Planck Research Group for Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 3 Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom, 4 Department for Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany Abstract We investigate decision-making behaviour in all four non-human great ape species. Apes chose between a safe and a risky option across trials of varying expected values. All species chose the safe option more often with decreasing probability of success. While all species were risk-seeking, orangutans and chimpanzees chose the risky option more often than gorillas and bonobos. Hence all four species’ preferences were ordered in a manner consistent with normative dictates of expected value, but varied predictably in their willingness to take risks. Citation: Haun DBM, Nawroth C, Call J (2011) Great Apes’ Risk-Taking Strategies in a Decision Making Task. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28801. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0028801 Editor: Laurie Santos, Yale University, United States of America Received June 28, 2010; Accepted November 15, 2011; Published December 21, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Haun et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This research was