non-destructive sampling of ancient insect dna非破坏性抽样古代昆虫dna.pdfVIP

Non-Destructive Sampling of Ancient Insect DNA 1 2 1 3 4 Philip Francis Thomsen , Scott Elias , M. Thomas P. Gilbert , James Haile , Kasper Munch , Svetlana 5 5 6{ 7,8 1 Kuzmina , Duane G. Froese , Andrei Sher , Richard N. Holdaway , Eske Willerslev * 1 Centre for Ancient Genetics and Environments, Natural History Museum and Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Geography Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom, 3 Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 5 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 6 Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 7 Palaecol Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand, 8 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract Background: A major challenge for ancient DNA (aDNA) studies on insect remains is that sampling procedures involve at least partial destruction of the specimens. A recent extraction protocol reveals the possibility of obtaining DNA from past insect remains without causing visual morphological damage. We test the applicability of this protocol on historic museum beetle specimens dating back to AD 1820 and on ancient beetle chitin remains from permafrost (permanently frozen soil) d