nonoptimal component placement, but short processing paths, due to long-distance projections in neural systemsnonoptimal组件放置,但短处理路径,由于长途预测神经系统.pdfVIP

Nonoptimal Component Placement, but Short Processing Paths, due to Long-Distance Projections in Neural Systems Marcus Kaiser1,2,3*, Claus C. Hilgetag3,4 1 School of Computing Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 3 International University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Bremen, Germany, 4 Boston University, Sargent College, Department of Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America It has been suggested that neural systems across several scales of organization show optimal component placement, in which any spatial rearrangement of the components would lead to an increase of total wiring. Using extensive connectivity datasets for diverse neural networks combined with spatial coordinates for network nodes, we applied an optimization algorithm to the network layouts, in order to search for wire-saving component rearrangements. We found that optimized component rearrangements could substantially reduce total wiring length in all tested neural networks. Specifically, total wiring among 95 primate (Macaque) cortical areas could be decreased by 32%, and wiring of neuronal networks in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans could be reduced by 48% on the global level, and by 49% for neurons within frontal ganglia. Wiring length reductions were possible due to the existence of long-distance projections in neural networks. We explored the role of these projections by comparing the original networks with minimally rewired networks of the same size, which possessed only the shortest possible connections. In the minimally rewired networks, the number of processing steps along the shortest paths between components was significantly increased compared to the original networks. Additional benchmark comparisons also indicated that neural n