olfactory cues from plants infected by powdery mildew guide foraging by a mycophagous ladybird beetle嗅觉线索从植物感染白粉病指导mycophagous觅食的瓢虫.pdfVIP

Olfactory Cues from Plants Infected by Powdery Mildew Guide Foraging by a Mycophagous Ladybird Beetle 1,2 1 1 Jun Tabata , Consuelo M. De Moraes , Mark C. Mescher * 1 Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Agro- Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Abstract Powdery mildews (Erysiphales) are economically important plant pathogens that attack many agricultural crops. Conventional management strategies involving fungicide application face challenges, including the evolution of resistance and concerns over impacts on non-target organisms, that call for investigation of more sustainable alternatives. Mycophagous ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feed on powdery mildew and have considerable potential as biological control agents; however, the foraging ecology and behavior of these beetles is not well understood. Here we document the olfactory cues presented by squash plants (Cucurbita moschata) infected by powdery mildew (Podosphaera sp.) and the behavioral responses of twenty-spotted ladybird beetles (Psyllobora vigintimaculata) to these cues. Volatile analyses through gas chromatography revealed a number of volatile compounds characteristic of infected plants, including 3-octanol and its analogues 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone. These compounds are typical ‘‘moldy’’ odorants previously reported in volatiles collected from other fungi. In addition, infected plants exhibited elevated emissions of several compounds also observed in collections from healthy leaves, including linalool and benzyl