role of intra- and peritumoral budding in the interdisciplinary management of rectal cancer patients角色的内部和瘤旁崭露头角的跨学科的直肠癌患者的管理.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Surgical Oncology Volume 2012, Article ID 795945, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/795945 Review Article Role of Intra- and Peritumoral Budding in the Interdisciplinary Management of Rectal Cancer Patients Inti Zlobec,1 Markus Borner,2 Alessandro Lugli,1, 3 and Daniel Inderbitzin4 1 Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland 2 Department of Oncology, Hospital Centre Biel, 2502 Bienne, Switzerland 3 Clinical Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland 4 Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Inselspital-Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland Correspondence should be addressed to Alessandro Lugli, alessandro.lugli@pathology.unibe.ch Received 11 April 2012; Accepted 23 June 2012 Academic Editor: Ioannis Kanellos Copyright © 2012 Inti Zlobec et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The presence of tumor budding (TuB) at the invasive front of rectal cancers is a valuable indicator of tumor aggressiveness. Tumor buds, typically identified as single cells or small tumor cell clusters detached from the main tumor body, are characterized by loss of cell adhesion, increased migratory, and invasion potential and have been referred to as malignant stem cells. The adverse clinical outcome of patients with a high-grade TuB phenotype has consistently been demonstrated. TuB is a category IIB prognostic factor; it has yet to be investigated in the prospective setting. The value of TuB in oncological and pathological practice goes beyond its