the metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, environment, and cardiovascular disease the great exploration代谢综合征,氧化应激,环境,和心血管疾病的伟大探索.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Experimental Diabetes Research Volume 2012, Article ID 271028, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2012/271028 Review Article The Metabolic Syndrome, Oxidative Stress, Environment, and Cardiovascular Disease: The Great Exploration Rebecca Hutcheson and Petra Rocic Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 307 North University Boulevard, Mobile, AL 36688, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Petra Rocic, procic@usouthal.edu Received 6 April 2012; Accepted 21 May 2012 Academic Editor: Asli F. Ceylan-Isik Copyright © 2012 R. Hutcheson and P. Rocic. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The metabolic syndrome affects 30% of the US population with increasing prevalence. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease in general and coronary artery disease (CAD) in particular. Furthermore, we look at the impact of metabolic syndrome on outcomes of coronary revascularization therapies including CABG, PTCA, and coronary collateral development. We also examine the association between the metabolic syndrome and its individual component pathologies and oxidative stress. Related, we explore the interaction between the main external sources of oxidative stress, cigarette smoke and air pollution, and metabolic syndrome and the effect of this interaction on CAD. We discuss the apparent lack of positive effect of antioxidants on cardiovascular outcomes in large clinical trials with emphasis on some of the limitations of these trials. Fi