the potential role of probiotics in the management of childhood autism spectrum disorders的潜在作用,益生菌在儿童孤独症谱系障碍的管理.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Gastroenterology Research and Practice Volume 2011, Article ID 161358, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2011/161358 Review Article The Potential Role of Probiotics in the Management of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders J. William Critchfield,1 Saskia van Hemert,2 Michael Ash,3 Linda Mulder,2 and Paul Ashwood1 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2 RD Department, Winclove Bio Industries, Hulstweg 11, 1032 LB Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 Integrative Health Consulting, Milber, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 4SG, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Saskia van Hemert, saskiavanhemert@winclove.nl Received 31 March 2011; Accepted 20 August 2011 Academic Editor: P. Enck Copyright © 2011 J. William Critchfield et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction has been reported in a substantial number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Activation of the mucosal immune response and the presence of abnormal gut microbiota are repeatedly observed in these children. In children with ASD, the presence of GI dysfunction is often associated with increased irritability, tantrums, aggressive behaviour, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, modulating gut bacteria with short-term antibiotic treatment can lead to temporary improvement in behavioral symptoms in some individuals with ASD. Probiotics can influence microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function and alter mucosal immune responses. The administration of probiotic bacteria to address change