加拿大北极地区雪化学成分的初步研究3.pdfVIP

第 19 卷第 6 期 环 　境 　科 　学 　学 　报 Vol. 19 ,No. 6 1999 年 11 月 ACTA SCIEN TIAE CIRCUMSTAN TIAE Nove. ,1999 加拿大北极地区雪化学成分的初步研究 ( 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 　100085) ( 北京大学城市与环境学系 , 北京 　 殷兴军　 　方精云 　 100871) 摘要　利用 ICPAES 、ICPMS 、IC 测定法 ,测定了北极地区不同纬度的 17 个雪样品的化学成分. 结果显示 ,在被测试的 32 种化学成分中 ,14 种化学成分被检测出. 用富集因子法判断了雪中化学成分的 4 种可能发生源 , 即人为活动源、地壳源、海 洋源和混合源. 计算 S/ Na 比值发现 SO42 - 、NO3 - 主要来自人为活动源. 关键词　北极雪 ; 化学成分 ; 富集因子; 发生源. A preliminary study on chemical constitutents in Arctic snow ( ) YIN Xingjun 　 Research Centre for EcoEnvironmental Sciences ,Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Beijin g 100085 (Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences ,Peking University ,Beijin g 　100871) FAN G Jingyun 　 Abstract 　Seventeen snow samples were collected during April to May 1995 in different Arctic regions , and the chemical constitutents were measured by three methods , Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy ( ICPAES) ,Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy ( ICPMS) , and Ion Chromato graphy ( IC) . Fourteen chemical constituents were detected among all measured ones. The enrichment fac tor method was used to determine the possible origin anthropogenic , curst ,oceanic ,and mixing origins , of 2 - - chemical constitutents in snow. The S/ Na valuas suggest that SO4 ,and NO3 are mainly from anthro pogenic activities. Keywords 　Arctic snow ,chemical constituent ,enrichment factor ,origin of hemical element . 80 年代以来 ,北极对流层的污染物浓度逐年增加[1 ] ,并且出现了北极酸性雪[2 ] . 由大气传 输到北极的化学成分经化学转化及干湿沉降到雪中而导致雪的酸性增加 ,主要原因是 H SO