医学伦理学的四项基本原则（Four basic principles of medical ethics）.docVIP

医学伦理学的四项基本原则（Four basic principles of medical ethics） Four basic principles of medical ethics One, no harm The principle of non injury means that in the course of diagnosis and treatment, patients are not physically and mentally injured. This is the basic principle that medical workers should follow. Generally speaking, all medical necessary medical indications, the implementation of the means of diagnosis and treatment is in line with the principle of non injury. On the contrary, if the means of treatment are useless, unnecessary or taboo to the patient, and intentionally or unintentionally enforced, the patient is injured and violates the principle of non injury. The principle of non injury is not absolute, because many examinations and treatment, even if it meets the indications, will bring physiological or psychological harm to the patient. Chemotherapy, such as chemotherapy, can inhibit tumors but can have an adverse effect on the blood and immune system. Many clinical diagnosis and treatment have double effects. If the harmful effects of an action are not immediate or intentional, they are indirect and predictable. If the pregnancy endangers the mothers life, she may have induced abortion or induced labor, which is a direct and beneficial effect in saving her mothers life, while fetal death is an indirect and predictable effect. Clinically, may cause harm to the patients condition: the medical staffs knowledge and skills is low; on the patients call or ignore questions; discrimination, insult, abuse of patients or their families; forcing patients to accept an examination or treatment measures; the implementation of examination or treatment is not necessary; the behavior of the medical staff negligence, improper crude and careless; to restrict the freedom of the patient or the threat of abuse; patients; to provide health care activities for some patients, such as AIDS patients; pulling or refused to rescue and other emergency patients. In this regard, medical p