676 PROCEEDINGS THE IEEE, VOL. 69, NO. 6, （676程序IEEE,卷69,没有。）.pdfVIP

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676 PROCEEDINGS THE IEEE, VOL. 69, NO. 6, （676程序IEEE,卷69,没有。）.pdf

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676 PROCEEDINGS THE IEEE, VOL. 69, NO. 6, （676程序IEEE,卷69,没有。）

676 PROCEEDINGSIEEE,1981 THEJUNEOF 6, VOL. 69, NO. Electromagnetics and Differential Forms GEORGES A. DESCHAMPS, FELLOW, IEEE Invited Paper Abstmct-Differential forms of various degrees go hand in hand with entia1 geometry. Exterior differential forms are considered an multipleintegrals.Theyobviouslyconstitutean essential toolinex- essential toolfor classical mechanics [ 11, [21, geometrical pressing the lawsofphysics. Some of their structures,however(ex- terioralgebra,exteriordifferentialoperators, and others),arenot optics, semiclassical quantum mechanics, a d ~~ofe-- widely known or used. This articleconcentrates on therelevanceof the theory of gauge fields. the“exteriorcalculus” to electromagnetics. It is shown thatthe The main purpose of this article is to introduce the applica- associationofdifferentidformswithelectromagneticquantities is tions of exteriordifferentialforms to electromagnetics. This quite natural. The basic relations between t h k quantities, displayed inflow dingrams, make use ofasingle operator “d”(exteriordif- formulation is not new; it does appear in a few recent texts ferential) in place ofthe familiar cud, grad and div operators of vector in mathematics and in [3 1 4 51 addressed to physicists, and in calculus.Theircovarianceproperties(behaviorunderchangeof vari- a short expos6 by the present author [ 6 , ch. 31. The differen- ables) are discussed. Theseformulasinspace-timehaveastrikingly tial form approa