7. Comparing Means Using ttests. University of （7所示。）.pdfVIP

7. Comparing Means Using t-tests. Objectives Calculate one sample t-tests Calculate paired samples t-tests Calculate independent samples t-tests Graphically represent mean differences In this chapter, we will learn to compare means using t-tests. We will cover information that is presented in the Fundamentals textbook in Chapters, 12, 13, and 14 and in the Methods book as Chapter 7. One important thing to note is that SPSS uses the term paired sample t-test to reflect what the textbook refers to as related samples t-tests. They are the same thing. One Sample t-tests One sample t-tests are typically used to compare a sample mean to a known population mean. Let’s use the moon illusion example illustrated in the text. We want to know if there was a moon illusion using the apparatus. If there was, the obtained ratio should not equal 1. Let’s try this together. Open moon illusion.sav. Select Analyze/Compare Means/One-Sample t-test. Select illusion as the Test Variable. Type 1 in as the Test Value. We are testing the null hypothesis that the sample mean = 1. Then, click Options. Notice, SPSS allows us to specify what Confidence Interval to calculate. Leave it at 95%. Click Continue and then Ok. The output follows. One-Sample Statistics Std. Error N Mean Std. Deviation Mean ELEVATE 10 1.46