APPROPRIATE CORRELATIONS FOR ASSESSING （合适的相关性评估）.pdfVIP

APPROPRIATE CORRELATIONS FOR ASSESSING EXPANDED TUBE-TO-TUBESHEET JOINT STRENGTH Stanley Yokell MGT Inc. Boulder, Colorado 80303-3607 Telephone 303-494-9608 Fax 303 499-1949 e-mail syokell@mgt-I 1. ABSTRACT This paper advocates correlating rolling torque or hydraulic expanding pressure with shear load strength instead of percent wall reduction as the criterion of expanding adequacy for thin-walled tubes. To establish a basis for such advocacy, it discusses tube expanding theory, methods and annular grooves. The paper compares the magnitudes of measurements required to estimate percent wall reduction with cumulative tolerances for hole drilling and tube manufacture. A graphic illustrates how data scatter increases with ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness. The paper comments on tube rolling procedure specifications and concludes with recommendations for two-stage and hybrid expanding. 2. INTRODUCTION Whether to correlate percent wall reduction or rolling torque with joint pullout of thin-walled, high- strength, low-elastic modulus tubes expanded into tubesheets has proponents on both sides of the issue. The author believes that for such tubes correlating torque with pullout (shear-load) strength is the superior method. The following discussions of tube expanding theory and tube rolling practice underpins this opinion. 3. TUBE EXPANDING THEORY The vast majority of tubes expanded into tubular heat transfer equipment are roller expanded. However, the complexity of analyzing the large numbers of variables that apply to tube rolling is insuperable. Therefore, the basis of