Electrodynamic Shaker Fundamentals GAOLI（电动振动器基本面高丽）.pdf

Electrodynamic Shaker Fundamentals George Fox Lang, Data Physics Corporation, San Jose, California The electrodynamic shaker is a commonplace tool for most readers of this magazine. Yet, many of us have never taken the time to really understand the subtle mechanisms at play in the operation of this workhorse. This article attempts to rectify this oversight by presenting some basic experimental obser- vations from several viewpoints. The electrodynamic shaker functions to deliver a force pro- portional to the current applied to its voice coil (see sidebar). These devices are used in such diverse activities as product evaluation, stress screening, squeak-and-rattle testing and modal analysis. These shakers may be driven by sinusoidal, random or transient signals based upon the application. They are invariably driven by an audio-frequency power amplifier and may be used “open loop” (as in most modal testing) or under closed-loop control where the input to the driving am- plifier is servo-controlled to achieve a desired motion level in Figure 1. Two small electrodynamic shakers illustrate the mass load- the article under test. ing used in “pluck” tests. The unit on the left has an (essentially) bare table; only a 0.72 gram beryllium-copper 10-32 UNF mounting stud is installed. A 23.61 gram accelerometer is fitted to the unit on the right. Pluck It! A surprising amount of information may be extracted from a shaker by using it as a vibration sensor, rather than as an exciter. In such an experiment, the voltage output of the voice coil is monitored while the shaker is caused to vibrate due to transient mechanical input. Measuring the dynamic response of the shaker with its table bare and, again, wi