Finite Element Formulation for Beams Handout 2（有限元公式梁讲义2）.pdf

Finite Element Formulation for Beams - Handout 2 - Dr Fehmi Cirak (fc286@) Completed Version Review of Euler-Bernoulli Beam ■ Physical beam model midline ■ Beam domain in three-dimensions ■ Midline, also called the neutral axis, has the coordinate ■ Key assumptions: beam axis is in its unloaded configuration straight ■ Loads are normal to the beam axis Page 25 F Cirak Kinematics of Euler-Bernoulli Beam -1- ■ Assumed displacements during loading deformed configuration reference configuration ■ Kinematic assumption: Material points on the normal to the midline remain on the normal during the deformation ■ Slope of midline: ■ The kinematic assumption determines the axial displacement of the material points across thickness ■ Note this is valid only for small deflections, else Page 26 F Cirak Kinematics of Euler-Bernoulli Beam -2- ■ Introducing the displacements into the strain equations of three- dimensional elasticity leads to ■ Axial strains ■ Axial strains vary linearly across thickness ■ All other strain components are zero ■ Shear strain in the ■ Through-the-thickness strain (no stretching of the midline normal during deformation) ■ No deformations in and planes so that the corresponding strains are zero Page 27