Friction Stir Welding of DH36 Steel GAWDA（搅拌摩擦焊接DH36钢GAWDA）.pdf

Friction Stir Welding of DH-36 Steel T. J. Lienert, Los Alamos National Laboratory W. Tang and J. A. Hogeboom, University of South Carolina L. G. Kvidahl, Northrup Grumman Ship Systems, Ingalls Operation Introduction Recent developments in tool materials and design now make successful friction stir welding (FSW) of steel alloys possible (Refs. 1-3). FSW offers several possible advantages relative to arc welding for joining of steels. The lower apparent heat inputs of FSW are expected to minimize grain growth in the HAZ, and to limit distortion and residual stresses. Use of FSW also eliminates concerns over welding fumes, especially those containing CrVI , to allow compliance with anticipated changes in OSHA standards. Finally, problems with hydrogen cracking are eliminated since FSW is a solid-state process. The objective of this work is to determine the feasibility of FSW for joining DH- 36 steel for shipbuilding applications. Procedure All welds were produced on the MTS Process Development System machine at the University of South Carolina using tools of W-25%Re with a shoulder diameter of ¾ inches. The tool and weld area were protected from oxidation by inert gas shielding. Tool wear and deformation were assessed by comparing tool dimensions before and after welding using an optical comparator. The welds were made parallel to the rolling direction on plates of DH-36 steel approximately 36 inches long, eight inches wide and ~ 0.18 inches thick in a square butt configuration (36” dimension parallel to the rolling direction). The tool was rotated at 400 rpm for all welds and travel speeds of either 8 or 10 ipm were employed. Axial force ranged from 3000 to 5000 lbf. Subsequent to welding, samples for microstructural evaluation and for tensile testing were