Harmonic Motion Department of Physics and （简谐运动物理系）.pdfVIP

Physics 244 Harmonic Motion Introduction In this lab you will observe simple harmonic motion qualitatively in the laboratory and use a program run in Excel to find the mathematical description of the motion you observe. You will also verify Hookes law briefly in Part I. For the harmonic motion in Part II, you will record position data for a mass on a spring clamped to your lab table. By importing the data to Excel and fitting the appropriate equation to your data, you can study the quantitative nature of the observed simple harmonic motion in Part III. Materials Part I: Spring, clamp, small mass hanger, gram masses, meter stick, Excel Part II: Spring, clamp, large mass hanger, motion sensor, Data Studio, Excel Part III: Excel Reference Giancoli, Physics 6th Edition: Chapter 11, sections: 1,2,3,5 Theory Part I: Consider a spring that is hanging down vertically from a support. When no mass hangs on it, it will remain at a length, L. This value is the unstretched or rest length for the spring. When a mass is added to the end of the spring it will stretch a distance ΔL . The equilibrium position for the mass is then equal to L +ΔL . What happens if one pulls on the spring? The spring exerts a restoring force which is proportional to the distance it is stretched, F = - k x (1) Where x is the distance the spring is pulled down and k is the spring stiffness constant. The negative sign indicates that the force points opposite to the direction of the displacement of the mass. This is also known as Hookes Law. Parts II and III: The restoring force causes the mass to oscillate up and down when it is displaced from equilibrium and released. The period, T, of the oscillation for simple harmonic motion depends on the mass, m, and the spring stiffness constant, k, of the spring. m T 2π