How Standardized Tests Shape— and （标准化考试的形状,如何）.pdfVIP

How Standardized Tests Shape— and Limit—Student Learning A Policy Research Brief produced by the National Council of Teachers of English In ThIs Issue The term standardized tests is often heard along with high-stakes. Standard- ized tests are administered, scored, and interpreted in a consistent way, so  Changing the Nature of Teaching that the performances of large groups of students can be compared. They  Narrowing the Curriculum are not in themselves high-stakes, but they are often used for high-stakes purposes such as determining which students will pass or graduate, which  Limiting Student Learning teachers are fired or given raises, and which schools are reorganized or given more funding. Heard less frequently are discussions of the effects of high-stakes standardized tests on student learning. Research shows that these effects include changing the nature of teaching, narrowing the cur- riculum, and limiting student learning. English language arts (ELA) teachers and their students feel these effects with special force because literacy is central in most standardized tests. Changing the Nature of Teaching One of the effects of the increased number and heightened stakes of stan- dardized tests is that t