Section1.1 Real Numbers tkiryl（Section1.1实数tkiryl）.pdf

Section 1.1 Real Numbers Types of Real Numbers 1. Natural numbers (N): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . 2. Integer numbers (Z): 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5, . . . REMARK: Any natural number is an integer number, but not any integer number is a natural number. 3. Rational numbers (Q): m r = , where m ∈ Z, n ∈ N n EXAMPLES: 1 7 11 2 2 1 2 − 2 = 0.2 = = 0.222 . . . = 0.2 = 0.999 . . . = 0.9 = 1 2 3 53 1 10 5 9 REMARK: Any integer number is a rational number, but not any rational number is an integer. 4. Irrational Numbers. These are numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers. EXAMPLES: √ √ √ √ 1 + √5 √ √ √ 2 3 2 + 3 − 3 2 π π 2 2 2 The set of all real numbers is denoted by R. The real numbers can be represented by points on a line which is called a coordinate line, or a real number line, or simply a real line: 1 Every real number has a decimal representation. If the number is rational, then its correspond- ing decimal is repeating. For example, 1 2 = 0.500 . . . = 0.50 = 0.49, = 0.66666 . . . = 0.6 2 3 157 9 = 0.3171717 . . . = 0.317, = 1.285714285714 . . . = 1.285714