烧结过程（sintering process）.docVIP

烧结过程（sintering process） Sintering is an ancient process. As early as 3000 BC, man mastered the process in powder metallurgy technology, but the research and development of sintering theory only started in the middle of twentieth Century. Sintering has been widely used in many industrial fields, such as ceramics, refractory materials, powder metallurgy and ultra high temperature materials. The purpose of sintering is to convert powdery materials into bulk materials and to give materials unique properties. The bulk material obtained by sintering is a polycrystalline material composed of crystals, vitreous bodies and pores. Sintering directly affects grain size and distribution, pore size, shape and distribution, and grain size fraction in the microstructure. From the point of view of material dynamics, the sintering process depends on the basic kinetic process - diffusion, because all the mass transfer processes depend on the transport of particles. The changes of powder materials in sintering also involve the dynamic processes such as phase change and solid phase reaction, although sintering is not dependent on phase change and solid phase reaction in some cases. Therefore, sintering is the most complicated kinetic process in the high temperature dynamics of materials. The properties of inorganic materials are related not only to the composition of materials (chemical composition and mineral composition), but also to the microstructure of materials. Because of the superposition of some parameters in the length or width of grain, the grain boundary frequency is different, which leads to the difference of material properties. For example, small grains are beneficial to the increase of strength; the electrical and magnetic parameters of the materials are also affected by the grain size in a wide range; in order to improve the permeability, it is desirable to optimize the grain orientation and require large grains to be oriented. In addition to the grain size and microst