生物(一学期)（Biology (semester)）.doc

生物(一学期)（Biology (semester)） 1, there are about 1 million 500 thousand known animals, these animals can be divided into two categories: one is vertebrates, they have spines, and the other is invertebrates, they have no spine. 2. Biodiversity: 1. Diversity of species; 2. Diversity of living environment; diversity of 3 and 00 ways of movement. 3, the fish can live in water, two essential features: (1) can rely on the old swimming predators access to food and defense; (2) to breathe under water. 4, fish in overcoming resistance to the water structure (shuttle): streamlined body; body surface mucus secretion. 5, the fish in the swimming, on the trunk with swing tail generated motivation, on the dorsal fin, pectoral, pelvic and anal fin to maintain balance, keep the direction on the caudal fin. In 6, it is difficult to directly take the object of study while doing the experiment, sometimes use the model to do the experiment, which mimicked the experimental object model, or imitate experiment some conditions of experiment, this experiment is called the simulation experiment. 7, various fins play an auxiliary coordinating role in the movement. 8 gills are the respiratory organs of fish. 9, the gills contain abundant capillaries, so the gills are bright red. 10, the gill filament is many and fine, in order to enlarge the area which contacts with the water, is advantageous to carries on the gas exchange fully. The gills do not readily absorb oxygen from the air, and when the fish leave the water, the gills cover each other, reducing the area of contact with the air, and not getting enough oxygen from the air and thus dying from lack of oxygen. 11. Gills are vital to the respiration of the water: the gills are bright red and contain abundant capillaries; the gills are thin and thin. 12, water flows from the fish mouth, the outflow from the trailing edge of the operculum. 13, out of the gills of water, oxygen decreased, carbon dioxide increased. 14. Gas exchange O2 - capillary