生物小高考知识点（Small knowledge points of college entrance examination）.doc

生物小高考知识点（Small knowledge points of college entrance examination） Senior one biology compulsory (1) knowledge arrangement Chapter 1 approached the cell Section 1 from biosphere to cell I. relevant concepts, Cell: the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. Apart from viruses, all living things are made up of cells. The cell is the most basic life system on earth The structural hierarchy of the life system: cells, tissues, organs, systems, plants, systems, individuals, populations Community n. ecosystem = biosphere Two, virus related knowledge: 1, viruses (Virus) are a class of organisms that have no cell structure. Main features: The individual is small, usually between 10~30nm, and most must be seen with an electron microscope; Having only one type of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, without a virus containing two nucleic acids; To specialize in the parasitic life of cells; The structure is simple and is usually composed of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) and protein shells. 2, according to the parasitic host is different, the virus can be divided into animal viruses, plant viruses and bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) three broad categories. DNA viruses and RNA viruses are classified according to the kinds of nucleic acids contained in the virus. 3, common virus: a human influenza virus (caused by influenza), SARS virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [] (AIDS) caused by AIDS, avian influenza virus, hepatitis B virus, human smallpox virus, rabies virus, tobacco mosaic virus. The diversity and unity of the second cell Cell type: according to whether there is a nuclear membrane within the cell or not, the cells are divided into prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Two. Comparison of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells: 1, prokaryotic cells: small cells and no nuclear membrane, no nucleolus, not forming nucleus; genetic material (a circular DNA molecule) concentration region called nucleoid; no chromosome, DNA combined with proteins; organelles only ribosom