蒸馏与分馏（Distillation and fractionation）.docVIP

蒸馏与分馏（Distillation and fractionation） Distillation and fractionation I. teaching requirements 1. grasp the principle of distillation and fractionation and its significance in practical application. 2. master the basic operation techniques of distillation and fractionation. 3. study the assembly and disassembly skills of distillation and fractionation units. Two, preview content 1. experimental principle of distillation; 2. distillation instruments, installations and assembly sequences; 3. experimental principle of fractionation; 4. factors affecting the fractionation efficiency; 5. working principle of fractionating column; 6. test unit and assembly sequence of fractionation. Three, basic operation The use of 1. round bottom flasks, distillation heads, thermometers, straight condensing tubes, fractionating columns, liquid tubes, and other glass instruments. 2. use of heating sleeve and voltage control temperature. 3. thermometer readings. The use of 4. iron and iron clamp. Four 、 experimental principle 1. principles of distillation experiments: Definition: the process of heating a liquid to boiling to make it vapor, and then condensing it into a liquid, called distillation. The basic principle of ordinary distillation is that the liquid has a certain vapor pressure at a certain temperature. At a certain pressure, the vapor pressure of the liquid is only related to the temperature, but it has nothing to do with the amount of liquid in the system. When the liquid is heated, its vapor pressure increases with the increase of temperature. When the vapor pressure on the liquid surface increases to the same pressure as the external pressure, the liquid is boiling, and the temperature at this point is called the boiling point of the liquid. When a mixed liquid is heated to vaporize, the partial pressure of the middle and lower boiling point components of the steam is greater than that of the boiling component, that is, the relative content of the low boiling point component