The flow field downstream of a hydraulic jump （流场下游的水跃）.pdf

J. Fluid Mech. (1995), 1101.287, p p . 299-316 299 Copyright 01995 Cambridge University Press The flow field downstream of a hydraulic jump By H A N S G. H O R N U N G , CHRISTIAN WILLERT AND STEWART TURNER? Graduate Aeronautical Lab., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91 125, USA (Received 15 April 1994 and in revised form 13 August 1994) A control-volume analysis of a hydraulic jump is used to obtain the mean vorticity downstream of thejump as a function of the Froude number. To do this it is necessary to include the conservation of angular momentum. The mean vorticity increases from zero as the cube of Froude number minus one, and, in dimensionless form, approaches a constant at large Froude number. Digital particle imaging velocimetry was applied to travelling hydraulicjumps giving centre-plane velocity field images at a frequency of 15 Hz over a Froude number range of 2-6. The mean vorticity determined from these images confirms the control-volume prediction to within the accuracy of the experiment. The flow field measurements show that a strong shear layer is formed at the toe of the wave, and extends almost horizontally downstream, separating from the free surface at the toe. Various vorticity generation mechanisms are discussed. 1. Introduction At sufficiently high Froude number, the flow downstream of a hydraulic jump is so obviously rotational that it can be seen with the naked eye. The mechanism of vorticity generation is, however, still controversial. There is, of course, a source of vorticity at the solid boundary below the bottom fluid. The sign of the vorticity generated there depends on whether this boundary is stationary relative to the jump or relative to the upstream lower fluid. This vorticity stays wi