The Synchronous Machine University of （大学同步机）.pdf

Experiment No. 5 The Synchronous Machine Synchronous ac machines find application as motors in constant speed applications and, when interfaced to the power source with a variable-frequency converter system, in variable-speed applications. High-performance variable-speed motor drives are often constructed using a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. Another common application is the alternator that generates the power for the automobile electrical system. In addition, practically all electrical energy produced commercially is generated in rotating synchronous machines that are connected to the utility or other power systems. Most power systems are supplied by a number of such machines operating in parallel, and the systems themselves are interconnected to form power grids of tremendous energy capacity. In comparing the capability of any single generator to the overall capacity of the system to which it is connected, it can be seen that the individual machine is relatively insignificant, even though its own power rating may be in the neighborhood of one million kilowatts. In other words, it can be thought of as being connected to a voltage bus of infinite capacity, so that regardless of how much energy it delivers to (or receives from) the system, the voltage and frequency remain constant. The objectives of this experiment are (1) to develop a basic model for the synchronous machine, (2) to apply the model to understand the characteristics of the machine when connected to an infinite bus, and (3) to synchronize an ac generator to a large power system. 1. An equivalent circuit model for the synchronous machine A basic synchronous machine is sketched in Fig. 1