煤及煤化工进展-new.ppt

* * Predictions USA: 246 billion tons* (produce 970Mt in 2003), will last 253 years; China: 114.5 billion tons (produce 1502Mt in 2003, 1900Mt in 2004，2300Mt in 2006), will last 76 or 60 years; 188.6 billion tons (2002 data), will last 125 or 100 years World: 984 billion tons (produce 4924Mt in 2003), will last 200 years. * Data in 1996, the extractable coal * * What should we be doing now? Determination of coal supplies and coal quality Determination of safe mining practices and optimal land reclamation methods Development of improved processes for burning coal (efficiency environment) Development of new processing concepts * * The ultimate challenge Richard Wheeler, coal researcher in the early 20th century When I am asked what particular research on coal would be of most practical value to those who have to sell it, equally with those who have to use it, I have no hesitation in saying “Research on the composition of coal.” * * Dirk van Krevelen Difficulties of a major nature in technical practice nearly always originate from unexpected peculiarities in the composition of the materials used. This may be the composition on a macroscopic, microscopic, or even molecular level. These unexpected and mostly unobtrusive peculiarities can only be evaluated by the coal scientist. i.e. the key to making better use of coal now and to find new ways of using it in the future lies in improving our understanding of the composition and properties of coal and of the fundamental chemistry of coal reactivity. * 《天工开物》明末清初的宋应星(1587～1661)所著,完成于1637年 * Magnate n.大资本家, 巨头, 富豪, 要人, ...大王 Annoyance n. 烦恼, 可厌之事 * The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the 1700s, and later spread to Europe, North America, and Japan, was based on the availability of coal to power steam engines. International trade expanded exponentially when coal-fed steam engines were built for the railways and steamships in the 1810-1840 Victorian era. * IHIs Power Barge experience proves IHIs total c