青麸杨病虫发生规律及防治技术探究.docVIP

青麸杨病虫发生规律及防治技术探究 　　　摘要对青麸杨病虫害的发生规律与防治技术进行调查,结果表明:青麸杨病害有10余种,害虫有30余种。病害以膏药病发生最为普遍,每年春秋两季是该病的主要发生期,树龄及环境条件对发病影响较大,用桐油原液或5%氯氰菊酯乳油加适量柴油稀释后涂抹病斑有较好的防治效果。害虫以宽肩象危害最重,该虫1年发生1代,以成虫越冬,防治幼虫可用20%杀灭菊酯乳油800倍液或50%敌敌畏乳油200倍液加适量柴油涂抹树干受害部位。 　　关键词青麸杨;病虫种类;发生规律;防治 　　AbstractThe occurrence regularigy and control technique about insectpets of Rhus potaninii Maxim were investigated. The results showed that there were more than 10 varieties of diseases and 30 species of insect pests which occured in Rhus potaninii Maxim.The most-common diseasewas SeptobsidiumpedicelltumSchw,which usually occured in spring and autumn. The age and growing surrounding of Rhus potaninii Maxim trees had great effect on its occurrence. It was proved that the best solution was applying Tung oil or 5% of cypermethrin cream to proper amount of diesel oil and painting dilute onto the spots. Among the insect pests,the most harmful was Ectatorrhinus adamsi Pascoe,which breeded one generation in one year and the insects lived through the winter as adults. To kill the larva,it was effective to apply 800 times of 20% fenvalerate cream or 200 times of 50% dichorvos cream with proper amount of diesel oil and paint it onto the parts of trunk. 　　Key wordsRhus potaninii Maxim;varieties of insect pests;occurrence regularity;control 　　 　　青麸杨(Rhus potaninii Maxim)是秦岭巴山区系的主要产倍树种,集中分布在海拔350~1 000m的浅山丘陵地带。其产倍量居全国之首,且富含单宁酸,质量优于其他倍类,在国内外享有盛誉,深受当地群众重视。随着人工林的不断扩大,病虫危害日益加重,对五倍子生产影响极大。有关青麸杨病虫的研究,国内报道甚少。为有效控制青麸杨病虫的危害,确保五倍子生产安全,近年来,笔者对青麸杨病虫的种类、主要病虫的发生规律和防治进行了较为全面的调查研究。现将研究结果报告如下。 　　1材料与方法 　　1.1调查地点 　　根据青麸杨在汉中的分布情况,调查地点选在产倍比较集中的城固县五堵镇和西乡县沙河坎镇。当地有悠久的产倍历史,老龄树较多,病虫发生较为普遍。 　　1.2调查方法 　　1.2.1病虫害种类调查。定期对选定的青麸杨树林进行调查,每10d观察1次,记载病虫的种类、发病情况、害虫的虫态、危害情况等,并将感病的枝干、叶片带回实验室进行培养鉴定;将采集的幼虫带回,用青麸杨叶片饲养,观察其生活习性和生活史。 　　1.2.2主要病虫发生规律调查。针对青麸杨主要枝干病害膏药病(Septobsidium pedicelltum Schw),选定成年倍树30株作为固定观察对象,并对其所有病斑进行标记,定期检查已有病斑的扩展和新病斑的出现情况,确定该病害在不同季节的发生情况;选择不同年份栽植的青麸杨各80~120株,按树龄分类,分别在春季和秋季统计不同树龄的发病率和病情指数;选择一至五年生枝条各100个,分别统计发病率;选择不同的青麸杨混栽林进行调查,统计不同类型的混栽林青麸杨膏药病