健康教育在慢性肝炎患者中作用.docVIP

健康教育在慢性肝炎患者中作用[摘要] 为提高肝炎患者生活质量,对肝炎患者实施专科性、针对性、前瞻性健康教育不容忽视,它能引导患者正确选择治疗时机,赢得治疗时间,从而在患者、医护人员、社会、家庭等配合下,能有效控制慢性肝炎病情发展,提高肝炎患者二级预防能力。 [关键词] 健康教育;肝炎患者;角色 [中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码]B [文章编号]1674-4721(2010)03(a)-123-02 The role of health education for patients with chronic liver diseases WANG Qiaofeng, CEN Minqiong, CHEN Yuanli (Infectious Diseases Branch,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China) [Abstract] Objective: To control the progression of liver diseases and to improve the life quality of the patients with liver diseases. Methods: Professional, targeted, and forward-looking measures for patients with liver diseases. Results: The health educucation could help to have less hospitalization times and treatment cost of patients with liver diseases, balanced mentality, proactive participation in the self-disease prevention and control, and better self-nursing knowledge. Conclusion: The nursing staff should not ignore the health education to the patients with liver diseases, and should provide them with correct guidance and treatment, then to choose a proper treatment time and seize treatment time as much as possible. In coordination with the patients, medical staffs, society, and the families, chronic liver diseases can be effectively controlled and the capacity of secondary prevention for the liver patients can be significantly improved. [Key words] Health education;Patients with liver diseases;Role 乙型肝炎病毒感染是一个重要的全球性公共卫生问题,世界范围内有20亿人感染过,超过3.5亿人是HBV慢性携带者,约15%～40%感染者将发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭或肝细胞癌。中国约有1.5亿HBV慢性携带者,约有3 000多万HCV感染者[2]。病毒性肝炎是中国发病率和感染率最高的传染病,发病率高,症状易反复,易造成肝、肾、脑等器官损害,严重者可引起死亡[3]。本病至今缺乏特效治疗方法,控制病情的发展,提高肝炎患者的生活质量,落实健康教育措施[1],已成为医务工作者和广大群众所普遍关心的问题,广大护理工作者应增进对肝炎患者的进一步关注。 1 临床资料 本科2005 ～2008年住院慢性肝炎患者4 734例中,重型肝炎患者1 434例(诊断标准按《中华传染病杂志》1995年11月第13卷4期中规定)约占慢性肝炎患者的30.3%,对本组患者进行回顾性调查分析发现,60%慢性肝炎患者发作前有明显诱发因素:体检、验血、影像学检查等;存在不良健康行为如酗酒、过度劳累、暴饮暴食、不洁饮食、吸毒、滥用血制品、乱投医等;存在不稳定心理状态;缺乏自我观察;依从性差;社会家庭支持不足等等;特别是来自乡、镇、村患者,健康信息来源明显不足,医疗资源受限,