翻译的标准、过程.ppt

Lecture Two Principles of / Criteria for Translation; Process of Translation Instructor: Wu Hui Objectives: This?lecture?is?designed?for?students?to? get?familiar?with?translation?criteria? obtain?a?clear?idea?about the process of translation Principles of / Criteria for Translation The?so-called principles of/ criteria for translation are actually the two sides of the same thing, from different angles. The former lays emphasis on the translator, while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation works. Various ideas on criteria for translation I. Some views by Western scholars II. The most popular and accepted views by some Chinese scholars III. Commonly Accepted Criteria for translation Some views by Western scholars: George Campbell (乔治·坎贝尔) Alexander Fraser Tytler (泰特勒) 的三原则 Eugene A. Nida (奈达) 的对等 (equivalence) Criteria for translation were first proposed by English Scholar and translator George Campbell in 1789: The first thing … is to give a just representation of the sense of the original 首先，准确地再现原作的意思 The second thing is, to convey into his version, as much as possible, in a consistency with the genius of the language which he writes, the author’s spirit and manner 第二，在符合译作语言特征的前提下，尽可能地移植作者的精神和风格 The third and last thing is, to take care, the version have at least, so far the quality of an original performance, as to appear natural and easy 第三，也是最后，使译作至少具有原创作品的特性，显得自然流畅 Alexander Fraser Tytler（泰特勒） 1) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work, 2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original, and 3) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Eugene A. Nida’s translation principle: dynamic equivalence “动态对等” ； functional equivalence “功能对等” The main idea is that the translator is to produce as nearly possible the same effect on his readers as was produced