外科学肛管简答题（Surgery, anal canal, brief answer）.docVIP

外科学肛管简答题（Surgery, anal canal, brief answer） 1 describe the injury principle and common operation methods of rectal cancer Clinical manifestations of 2 hemorrhoids 3 common surgical procedures and indications of rectal cancer? Indications of sphincter preserving surgery for 4 rectal cancer. Anatomical significance of 5 dentate line and its clinical significance 6. What are the spaces around the rectum and anal canal? 7 brief description of how rectal cancer staging? (modified Dukes staging) 8 attention should be paid to rectal digital examination 9 what are the clinical manifestations of rectal cancer? 10 classification and clinical manifestation of colon cancer 11 general classification and clinical manifestation of rectal cancer 12 clinical features of perianal abscess 13 degree hemorrhoids ---------------------------------- 1 surgical principles of rectal cancer: Clinically, rectal cancer is divided into low rectal cancer (within 5cm of the dentate line), middle rectal cancer (5~10cm from the dentate line), and high rectal cancer (10cm above the dentate line) The treatment principle is mainly surgical resection, supplemented by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatment. Where can the resection of rectal cancer without surgical contraindications should be performed as early as possible radical resection of rectal cancer resection, including cancer, intestinal segments, has enough ends of invasion of adjacent organs in whole or in part, may be around the infiltration of the tissue and total mesorectal excision. If radical resection is not performed, palliative resection should also be performed to relieve symptoms. If accompanied by resectable liver metastases, liver metastases should be removed at the same time The choice of surgical methods is based on the location, size, mobility, cell differentiation and preoperative defecation control ability of the cancer. Common surgical procedures for rectal cancer: The main surgical methods of rectal canc