a review of the ecological footprint indicator—perceptions and methods回顾生态足迹indicator-perceptions和方法.pdfVIP

Sustainability 2010, 2, 1645-1693; doi:10.3390/su2061645 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Review A Review of the Ecological Footprint Indicator—Perceptions and Methods Thomas Wiedmann * and John Barrett Centre for Sustainability Accounting, Innovation Centre, Innovation Way, York Science Park, York, YO10 5DG, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: tommy@.uk; Tel.: +44-1904-435-100; Fax: +44-1904-435-135. Received: 20 April 2010; in revised form: 11 May 2010 / Accepted: 1 June 2010 / Published: 7 June 2010 Abstract: We present a comprehensive review of perceptions and methods around the Ecological Footprint (EF), based on a survey of more than 50 international EF stakeholders and a review of more than 150 original papers on EF methods and applications over the last decade. The key points identified in the survey are that the EF (a) is seen as a strong communication tool, (b) has a limited role within a policy context, (c) is limited in scope, (d) should be closer aligned to the UN System of Environmental and Economic Accounting and (e) is most useful as part of a basket of indicators. Key issues from the review of methods are: (a) none of the major methods identified can address all relevant issues and questions at once, (b) basing bioproductivity calculations on Net Primary Production (NPP) is a promising approach, (c) advances in linking bioproductivity with ecosystem services and biodiver