湘南学院微生物名词解释（Explanation of microbial terms in XiangNan University）.docVIP

湘南学院微生物名词解释（Explanation of microbial terms in XiangNan University） 1. microorganisms exist in nature with small size, quantity, invisible, must by means of optical microscope or electron microscope magnified hundreds of times or even tens of thousands of times, to observe a group of small lower organisms. 2. plasmid: it is a genetic material in which bacteria are stained in vitro. The structure is double chain closed loop DNA. It has genetic information and has self replication function. Bacteria can be obtained certain specific traits, such as resistance, toxicity and so on. 3. capsule: certain bacteria secrete mucus like substances that surround the cell wall and form a transparent layer with well-defined boundaries and less staining. Mainly composed of polysaccharides, a small number of bacteria are polypeptides. Its main function is anti phagocytosis, and has antigenicity. 4. flagella: elongated, curved protein filaments extending from bacterial membranes to bacteria. They are bacterial organs of motion and are found in gram negative bacteria, Vibrio, and snail 5. pili: a thin, short, straight, hairy structure that is found on the surface of bacteria and contains proteins. It can only be observed by electron microscopy, and is more common in gram negative bacteria. 6. spore: certain bacteria form a round or ovoid body in bacteria under certain conditions. Found in gram positive bacteria, such as aerobic spores and anaerobic bacilli. Is the body of bacteria in adverse circumstances, the body of the body, strong resistance to the environment. 7. bacteria L: some bacteria in some environment, such as environment and antibiotics, can partially or completely lose cell wall, this phenomenon was first discovered by Lister research, so called bacterial L. Under appropriate conditions, most bacteria L can be recovered into a bacterial type. 8. bacteriocin: some bacteria produce an antibiotic like substance that acts only on near - related bacteria and has a narrow range