预防医学二（Preventive medicine two）.doc

预防医学二（Preventive medicine two） Chapter 1 environment and health 1 briefly describe the concept of the environment and its elements. Please give an example. Answer: bad environment refers to the human as the center of the outside world, that is the sum of the object function in the human all external forces, is a complex of human survival must reproduce the general conditions, the main elements of environmental biological factors (such as pathogenic microorganisms, toxins), chemical factors (such as chemical toxic substances, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc.), physical factors (light, heat, noise, vibration etc.) and social psychological factors (political turmoil, economic crisis, work pressure, etc.). 2 briefly describe the formation of bio environment complex system and its relationship with human health. Answer: all creatures in nature, including human beings, constitute an interaction with inanimate environment, unity of interdependence, through the material cycle, energy flow and information transfer to form a biological environment composite system, usually according to the complexity of life system, which can be divided into molecules, cells, tissues, organs, individual, population, community, eight levels of ecological system and composite system. In the biological environment complex system, there is a stable relationship between the proportion of organisms at all levels. Once the proportion of nutrients in the environment is imbalance, the ecological balance is destroyed, thus affecting the health of the human body. 3 briefly describe the concept and characteristics of endemic diseases. Answer: the concept of local disease: the local disease is confined to certain areas of disease or epidemic, or in some areas relatively stable without input from the field is often the source of infection disease, etiology can be divided into three categories: geochemistry of natural foci of some endemic diseases, the etiology of the disease is not yet clear. The chara