上下运动神经元损伤检查及特征（Injury and characteristics of motor neurons in the upper and lower limbs）.doc

上下运动神经元损伤检查及特征（Injury and characteristics of motor neurons in the upper and lower limbs） Lower motor neuron refers to the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and brainstem motor nuclei and send axons, accept the pyramidal tract, extrapyramidal system and cerebellar system impulse the final common pathway is the only way to motor impulses to skeletal muscle. In the cone system, the motor neurons are located in the motor nucleus of the brain and spinal cord anterior horn motor cells, and their processes are composed of brain, nerve and spinal nerve, which dominate the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles in the whole body. Lower motor neuron damage, due to muscle denervation, reduce muscle tension, a flaccid paralysis; because of muscle dystrophy and atrophy; because all reflex are disrupted, superficial and deep reflection disappeared; no pathological reflex Damage identification 1. motor neurons of flaccid paraplegia caused by lower motor neuron lesions in patients with flaccid paraplegia as the characteristic, the degree of paralysis range, can be complete or incomplete. The degree of bilateral paralysis in the patients with complete flaccid paraplegia is equal. Muscle atrophy is associated with vascular movement disorders, such as floating suction, skin cyanosis, and skin disorders. The tendon reflex is reduced or even disappeared. The Achilles tendon reflex is particularly marked, with no pyramidal sign, no Banski sign, and sphincter disturbances. If the cauda equina damages, there is incontinence, or because of paralysis of bladder muscle, the nerve bladder, manifested as persistent urinary incontinence. 2., motor neuron flaccid paraplegia: two lower limb complete paralysis, muscle tone reduction, local postural reflex disappeared, tendon reflex disappeared, shallow reflex (testicular reflex and abdominal wall reflex) disappeared. There may be Babinski sign. In addition to flaccid paraplegia, following lesions of superficial and deep hypoesthesia, and incon