语用学第二章幻灯片.pptVIP

” “ LOREM IPSUM DOLOR LOR 直接话语行为：一个人直接通过话语形式的字面意义来实现其交际意图 把声音调大一点！ 间接语言行为：说话人 出于某种原因不直接选择施为动词而是采取间接的语言行为手段来实现某一种行为。 能把声音调小一点吗? ” “ LOREM IPSUM DOLOR LOR 简单来说，间接语言行为就是通过做某一言外行为来做另一言外行为。（顾曰国） ” “ Indirect speech 1.priminary illocutionary act(indirect force) 2.secondary illocutionary act(literal force) ” “ “Can you pass me the salt?” Indirect force : make a request for the hearer to pass the salt. Literal force: an inquiry about the hearer’s ability to pass the salt. ” “ Exercise Customer : Waiter! There has a fly in my soup. Waiter : Don’t worry. There’s no extra charge. 1. which is the person being indirect here? Why? 2. According to Jenny Thomas “indirectness is costly and risky.” do you agree with her? Extended speech acts扩充的言语行为理论 Searles speech Act Context Searles speech Act classification Indirect speech acts Felicity conditions Extended speech acts Searles speech Act “ ” 言语行为理论 奥斯汀开创，塞尔（j.Searle）补正完善 从行为角度阐释人类语言交际的一种重要理论 Austin’s classification of speech acts Verdictives, an exercise of judgment 裁决型 Exercitives, an assertion of influence or exercising of power 行使型 Commissives, an assuming of an obligation or declaring of an attention承诺型 Behabitives, the adopting of an attitude 行为型 Expositives, the classifying of reasons arguments and comunications 阐释型 这一分类遭到一些非议，塞尔就认为它只是对以言行事动词的分类，而不是对行为的分类，这样的分类将两者混淆了；此外不同种之间存在重叠现象 Searles classification speech Act Searle’s classification of speech acts “ ” One of the main characteristics of speech acts is their direction of fit 适切/适从方向which can be world-to-words现实世界适切词语（请求，命令，起誓，许诺，）or words-to-world 词语适切现实世界(陈述，描写，断言，说明) Searle’s classification shows that the five kinds of speech acts differ in the following four aspects: 1.Illocutionary point/speech act type 2.Direction of fit/ relationship(words to world ) 3.The psychological state of the speaker 4.The content of the act /propositional content Representative “ ” The kind of speech acts that commit the speaker to the truth of the express