儿童急腹症的超声检查文献综述.docVIP

Sonography of the Surgical Abdomen in ChildrenKEYWORDS Adolescents Appendicitis Malrotation UltrasoundWith the introduction of the graded-compression sonographic technique and continued advances in ultrasound technology, the use of sonography has increased in the evaluation of the child who has a suspected surgical abdomen. The principalrole of sonography is to characterize the nature of the many conditions associated with acute abdominal symptoms and signs and to differentiate between those requiring urgent surgical intervention and those that do not. This article reviewsthe sonographic evaluation of common important surgical conditions of the abdomen in children. Indications for performing sonography, sonographic features of common lesions, and the sonographic techniques best suited to making a diagnosis areaddressed. 儿童急腹症的超声检查关键词 青少年 阑尾炎 旋转不良 超声随着分级加压超声检查技术的介绍及超声技术的不断前进，超声在评价可疑有急腹症的儿童中的作用已逐步增加。超声的首要角色是表示出那些与急腹症状及征象有关的情况的本质特征，并且区分出哪些需要外科手术及哪些不需要外科手术。本文对儿童腹部普通的而又重要的具有外科条件的超声评价进行了综述。超声应用的指征，普通病变的超声特征及用于诊断的最佳超声技术均在本文提及。  ULTRASOUNDTECHNIQUESKnowledge of the patient’s symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory data is important to focus the examination and increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. If the pain is located in the right upper quadrant, the sonogram should focus on the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, pancreas, and right kidney. If the pain is in the right lower quadrant, the appendix, small bowel, and pelvicorgans should be interrogated in detail. These distinctions are somewhat artificial, but they can serve as a guideline to investigating acute abdominalpain in children. When the pain is in other locations, the examination should be tailored to these areas.超声技术掌握病人的症状，体格检查及实验室数据是很重要的，可以集中在检查点并提高正确检查的可能性。如果疼痛位于右上腹部，超声图像应集中看肝，胆囊，胆管，胰腺和右肾。如果疼痛位于右下腹部，盲肠，小肠和骨盆器官应该详细检查。这些区分多少有点是人工假设的，但能够在检查儿童急腹症疼痛中充当一个准则。如果疼痛位于其他位置，检查也要相应的置于这些特定区域。 Graded-Compression SonographyThe graded compression technique is used in the evaluation of susp