人教版化学必修二知识点（PEP page chemistry required two knowledge point）.docVIP

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人教版化学必修二知识点（PEP page chemistry required two knowledge point）.doc

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人教版化学必修二知识点（PEP page chemistry required two knowledge point）

人教版化学必修二知识点（PEP page chemistry required two knowledge point） Fourth chapter hydrocarbon Alkane hydrocarbons CnH2n+2 Olefin hydrocarbon CnH2n (n = 2) C=C Alkyne CnH2n-2 (n = 2) C = C Aromatic hydrocarbons: benzene homologue CnH2n-6 (n = 6) (1) the reasons for a wide variety of organic compounds: 1. carbon atoms combine 4 covalent bonds with other atoms; between 2. carbon and carbon atoms form a variety of chain and ring organic compounds; 3. isomerism (2) organic matter: most carbon containing compounds (3) hydrocarbons: compounds containing only C and H elements Section 1 methane 1. The spatial structure of methane: tetrahedron structure 2, nature: Physical properties: colorless, tasteless, insoluble in water, is the main component of natural gas, methane (pit gas) and petroleum gas Chemical properties: methane is stable in nature and does not react with strong acid and strong alkali. Under certain conditions, the following reactions can occur: (1) flammability (2) substitution reaction (3) high temperature decomposition CH3Cl gas CH2Cl2 liquid CHCl3 (chloroform) CCl4 3, uses: very good fuel; the preparation of H2, carbon black, chloroform, etc.. 4, the experiment will be full of CH4 and Cl2: (volume ratio 1:4) tube upside down in the water tank, the strong light after a period of time, will see the color _______ tube gas, liquid level in the pipe _______, the inner wall of the test tube has ________; adding AgNO3 solution to remove tube, tube solution, see ______ generation (fill phenomenon) commonly known as.CCl4 ______, __ density than water Second paraffin 1 alkane: (1) structural features: The hydrocarbon molecules of carbon in the single chain link, the rest of the valence bond with all carbon atoms of hydrogen combine, called hydrocarbons, or alkane. (2) the nomenclature of alkanes: Simple nomenclature of alkanes: the number of carbon atoms below ten is expressed by a, B, C, D, e, K, h, R, R, R and C. Systematic nomenclature: 1) find the main chain -- the lon