爬行纲（Reptile）.docVIP

爬行纲（Reptile） 1. briefly describe the main features of amniotic eggs and their significance in the evolution of animals. Answer: the main features: reptiles produced eggs for amniotic telolecithal eggs, is suitable for the film and the lack of the vitelline membrane and the outer water film development, wrapped in eggs with oviduct secretion and formation of protein, inner shell membrane and shell. The tough, composed of lime or fiber, can maintain the egg shape, reduce egg water evaporation, avoid mechanical damage and prevent pathogen invasion, eggshell surface has many small holes, good air permeability, can guarantee the gas metabolism during embryonic development. The egg has a large yolk sac, which contains abundant yolk and provides nutrients for the developing embryo. Amniotic eggs embryos to gastrula, upward annular folds - chorionic membrane folds occur in the embryo around, growing by around the middle annular folds gradually gather each other, healing and open become around 2 films of the entire embryo, the inner and outer membrane down. Between the two, is a spacious exocoelomic. The amniotic membrane surrounds the embryo in the enclosed amniotic cavity, filled with amniotic fluid, so that the embryo is suspended in a water environment created by itself, which can effectively prevent dryness and various external injuries. The chorion clings to the inner surface of the shell. In the formation of the amniotic membrane and chorion, the embryo has an organ that acts as a respiratory and excretory organ at the back of the alimentary canal, called the allantoic duct. Located in the allantoic exocoelomic, close to the outer wall of the chorion, because the inner wall of the surface and chorion rich capillaries, embryo by porous shell membrane and the gas exchange with the outside world. In addition, the allantoic bladder acts as a container for the uric acid produced by the metabolism of the embryo. Significance: reptiles acquire the characteristics of laying e