a timescale for evolution, population expansion, and spatial spread of an emerging clone of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus进化的时间尺度,人口膨胀,空间传播的新兴克隆耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌.pdfVIP
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a timescale for evolution, population expansion, and spatial spread of an emerging clone of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus进化的时间尺度,人口膨胀,空间传播的新兴克隆耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌
A Timescale for Evolution, Population Expansion, and
Spatial Spread of an Emerging Clone of Methicillin-
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
¨ 1 1 1 1 2 3
Ulrich Nubel *, Janina Dordel , Kevin Kurt , Birgit Strommenger , Henrik Westh , Sanjay K. Shukla ,
ˇ ˇ ´ 4 ¨ 5 5 6 6
Helena Zemlickova , Raphael Leblois , Thierry Wirth , Thibaut Jombart , Franc¸ois Balloux , Wolfgang
Witte1
1 Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany, 2 Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 Marshfield
Clinic Research Foundation, Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States of America, 4 National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech
´
Republic, 5 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle - Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Department of Systematics and
Evolution, Paris, France, 6 Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis
and Modelling, London, United Kingdom
Abstract
Due to the lack of fossil evidence, the timescales of bacterial evolution are largely unknown. The speed with which genetic
change accumulates in populations of pathogenic bacteria, however, is a key parameter that is crucial for understanding the
emergence of traits such as increased virulence or antibiotic resistance, together with the forces driving pathogen spread
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